Pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacology

Pharmacoepidemiology, Adverse and Beneficial Effects

Pharmacoepidemiology has been defined as “the study of the distribution and determinants of drugrelated events in populations and the application of this study to efficacious drug treatment” [26]. Similar definitions have been given by several authors [37, 53]. The term “drug” in the definition is generally understood to include biologics, such as vaccines, and the populations are understood to...

Services and prevention: pharmacoepidemiology of antidepressant use.

Between 1988 and 1994, data from 3 large sites revealed a 3-5 fold increase in the prevalence of antidepressant (ATD) treatment for U.S. youths aged 2-19 years. In 1994, the ATD prevalence for youths of this age ranged from 13 per 1000 (in the HMO) to 18 per 1000 (in 2 state Medicaid systems). Males predominated in the 10-14-year-olds treated with ATDs, whereas females predominated among 15-19-...

The European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP) Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology

Pharmacology and Toxicology of Leflunomide

Leflunomide (LEF), used for rheumatoid arthritis, inhibits dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and tyrosine kinase (TK) enzymes and has anti-inflammatory, lymphocyte proliferation regulatory, immunosuppression and chondroprotective effects. The most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal disorders, weight loss, hypertension, skin infection, and neurological and hematological toxicity. It...

Relevance of pharmacoepidemiology to Nepal.

Drug-related problems such as overuse of injectable drug products and antimicrobials, increased cost of drug therapy, polypharmacy, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are prevalent in the healthcare settings of Nepal. To date, no new drug development processes or clinical trials have been conducted in Nepal, despite the fact that studies of real life situations are an essential tool for monitori...